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ADHD and Anxiety Medication People suffering from ADHD typically suffer from co-occurring anxiety disorders. Anxiety can trigger restlessness, irritability and trouble sleeping. Stimulant medication can help alleviate symptoms, but it may cause side effects like tics, or small growth reductions in adolescents and children. In addition, some individuals experience anxiety-related issues when taking stimulant medication. Stimulants Stimulants are used to treat ADHD and narcolepsy. They are also popular among recreational drug users as stimulants and performance-enhancing substances because of their ability to increase energy, alertness and focus. You can find them in the form of capsules, tablets or chunky crystals. They are also available as a brown or white dust. Large doses of stimulants can cause over-stimulation and result in anxiety, panic attacks, stomach cramps or paranoia. Long-term stimulant use can lead to addiction, serious adverse effects, such as heart issues stroke, high pressure and heart problems. They have also been proven to reduce anxiety symptoms. They improve the supply of brain chemicals norepinephrine and dopamine that are generally lower in those with ADHD. This boosts the activity and communication of parts of the brain which control executive and attention functions. This leads to improved control of impulses and anxiety symptoms diminishing. Research has shown that both atomoxetine and methylphenidate reduce anxiety symptoms in adults suffering from ADHD and other anxiety disorders. Improvement in anxiety symptoms was observed as early as the fourth week of treatment for both drugs and the effect was sustained through 8 weeks of treatment. It is important to keep in mind that the kind of medication that is best for treating anxiety and ADHD co-occurring symptoms might depend on which condition has the greatest impact on the quality of life of a person. One may experience numerous mini-crises that cause worry in a regular manner as they try to meet appointments or finish projects at work or school. They can be extremely distressing and cause people to be anxious on a more frequently basis than the symptoms of a specific anxiety disorder or panic attack would. In these cases it is possible to address the anxiety-related symptoms with antidepressants or SSRIs, which have been shown to be effective in decreasing anxiety levels in adults. They are administered orally and may take some time to begin working. The most commonly used options are selective serotonin reuptake inhibits (SSRIs), such as Sertraline Serotonin, Fluoxetine, norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), such as duloxetine, venlafaxine and. These can be taken in addition to cognitive-behavioral therapy for anxiety, and are particularly beneficial if a patient has an elevated heart rate or blood pressure. SSRIs SSRIs, which are antidepressants are frequently used to treat anxiety disorders. The prototype drug in this category is fluoxetine, also known as Prozac. The SSRIs can also aid in treating depression, obsessive compulsive disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder. They are more flexible than previous versions of antidepressants. Additionally, they are less likely to cause dangerous adverse effects. The SSRIs inhibit serotonin's reuptake at synapses. This causes the neurotransmitter in the synapse to remain active and communicate with the post synaptic cell more frequently than is the case with other neurotransmitters. This may increase the amount of norepinephrine released, which can reduce anxiety symptoms. It could also result in an increase in the levels of neuronal cyclic AMP (cAMP), which stimulates protein production. They also decrease the amount of impulsivity and hyperactivity. They also can improve sleep quality and reduce agitation for some people with ADHD. However, these drugs can, increase the risk of suicidal behavior and thoughts among some people. They may also cause an increase in appetite and weight gain, especially when they are first introduced. SNRIs are a different kind of antidepressant compared to SSRIs. SNRIs hinder the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine. Similar to SSRIs, they can affect anxiety, but they can also improve the functioning of the heart muscle and the blood vessels, which could decrease anxiety and stress. People who suffer from bipolar disorder may benefit from their use. The most commonly used SNRIs are duloxetine (Cymbalta) and Venlafaxine (Effexor, Effexor XR) and desvenlafaxine (Khedezla, Pristiq). SNRIs can cause blood pressure to rise in certain individuals, so people with high blood pressure or cardiovascular disease should stay clear of them. In addition to medication, there are a number of behavioral treatments that could aid in reducing anxiety and ADHD. Mindfulness techniques can be helpful in reducing stress and anxiety and stress, as can yoga and meditation. Some people find that tapping certain body points, or Emotional Freedom techniques can help lower cortisol levels which is the hormone responsible for anxiety. Exercise and diet can aid in reducing anxiety. Your doctor may recommend eating a diet that is based on whole vegetables, fruits and grains and avoid sugar, which can worsen anxiety in certain ADHD adults and children. Non-stimulant-based drugs While stimulants are extremely effective in treating ADHD, and have been extensively researched however they are not the most appropriate choice for people who also suffer from anxiety or ADHD. These medications can cause negative side effects, such as jitteriness and rapid heart rate. These symptoms can mirror or worsen anxiety symptoms. Since 2002, non-stimulant medicines have been used for ADHD (under the brand name Strattera). They don't increase heart rate or blood pressure, and are less likely than stimulant medications to cause anxiety-related side effects like shaking, sweating, or nervousness. Atomoxetine targets receptors for the brain chemical norepinephrine and can help improve attention and reduce impulsivity and hyperactivity. It has also been shown to reduce anxiety symptoms in children and adolescents with ADHD. Researchers gathered articles on clinical research from PubMed, EMBASE and PsycINFO to determine whether atomoxetine helped reduce anxiety in adolescents and children with ADHD. Bupropion is a different medication that can alleviate anxiety symptoms. It targets the brain chemical, dopamine. Bupropion is often prescribed to people who have ADHD and depression. It can also boost mood and lessen anxiety symptoms. It is generally recommended to address the anxiety first before tackling ADHD. This will typically reduce the anxiety symptoms. In some cases anxiety symptoms in ADHD children can be the source of their anxiety. Psychostimulants and cognitive-behavioral treatments are generally the most effective treatment options for anxiety in this situation. These treatments can help reduce ADHD symptoms and anxiety by addressing the root cause of the problem. Antidepressants can also be prescribed to people suffering from ADHD and anxiety. adhd treatment without medication , which target serotonin, a brain chemical, can help to relieve anxiety symptoms and improve mood. Examples include Zoloft, Lexapro and Sertraline. In the end, the decision on which medication is best for you will be decided by your doctor. Before recommending a medication they will look at your lifestyle, symptoms, age, along with other health issues. It is very important to discuss your treatment goals with your doctor and adhere to a daily schedule while taking any medication. Other options Other options for treatment may be beneficial in managing ADHD or anxiety, based on your health goals. These include mindfulness meditation, tapping (Emotional Freedom Techniques) sleep, nutrition, exercise and healthy eating habits. People with anxiety are more likely to develop symptoms of ADHD, Dr. Hallowell says, which makes it difficult to treat both conditions at the same time. He prescribes stimulants to treat ADHD first, then non-stimulant medications like bupropion or atomoxetine for anxiety disorders. These medications are available 24/7 and are not controlled substances like stimulants.